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the invention of transistors revolutionized human civilization like no other technology at the heart of a smartphone lies a processor and this processor holds about two billion transistors what do these incredibly tiny devices do how do they work transistors can act like a switch with no moving parts they can amplify a weak signal in fact amplification is the basic function of a transistor first let's understand the basis of transistors we will come back to the application part later transistors are made of semiconductors such as silicon each silicon atom is bonded with four neighboring silicon atoms silicon has four electrons in its valence shell let's replace this silicon atom with a four-handed Smyly each hand holds one electron each one of these electrons goes for sharing with a neighboring silicon atom this is known as a covalent bond currently the electrons are in their valence band if the pure silicon has to conduct electricity the electrons have to absorb some energy an...

one of the main and one of the most important components you'll find on the motherboard is the chipset older motherboards were designed with a lot of different chips scattered all over the motherboard there were chips for different things like chips for bus controllers memory controllers keyboard controllers and so on so they had a lot of different chips controlling different functions on the motherboard so as technology progressed computer engineers decided to reduce a number of chips and have them more in a centralized location so instead of having these different chips scattered all over the motherboard controlling different functions they reduce the number of chips to do the same job and condense them to only a few chips or what's now called a chipset and that's what a chipset is a chipset is a smaller set of chips that has replaced a larger amount of chips and the chipsets job is to control data flow between the CPU the peripherals bus slots and memory so all of the di...