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what is the BIOS CMOS and UEFI so that's what we're going to talk about in this video now BIOS stands for basic input/output system the BIOS is firmware that's built into the motherboard that initializes the computer's hardware as the computer is being booted and then after it initializes the hardware it then searches for a boot device such as an optical drive or a storage drive to boot software such as an operating system so from the start when you first turn on the computer the computer does what's called a power-on self-test or post which is run by the bios it tests the computer to make sure all the requirements are met and if the hardware is working correctly before starting the operating system if the computer passes the test the internal speaker will make a short single beep which indicates that the computer has passed the test and is booting up normally however if there are no beeps or multiple beeps then that means that the computer has failed the test and s

nat stands for network address translation and this is a service that is used in routers and its purpose is to translate a set of IP addresses to another set of IP addresses and the reason for having the nat service is to help preserve the limited amount of IP version for public IP addresses that we have available around the world when the IP version 4 address was created engineers didn't realize how big the internet will become because even though there were over 4 billion IP version 4 addresses available the engineers thought that that would be enough but obviously they were wrong so in order to prevent a shortage of public IP version 4 addresses engineers developed private IP addresses and network address translation now there are two different types of IP version 4 addresses there's public and there is private public IP addresses are publicly registered on the Internet you have to have a public IP address if you want to go on the internet and there are approximately 4 billi

computer hardware and software can come in 32 or 64-bit versions the difference between a 32-bit and a 64-bit is the way that it handles memory the bit size refers to the memory that it can address a 32-bit system can reference 2 to the 32nd power bytes of memory which equals to about 4 gigabytes however a 64-bit system can reference 2 to the 64th power bytes of memory which equals to about 16 exabytes which is 4 billion times more memory than a 32-bit now that number is so huge that it's virtually unlimited because we will never need to use that amount of memory so in a computer in order for data or a program to run it needs to be loaded into Ram first so the data is stored on the slower hard drive and from the hard drive it's loaded into the faster Ram and once it's loaded into Ram the CPU can now access the data or run the program now in a 32-bit system since the maximum amount of memory that it can support is 4 gigabytes it may not be enough to hold all the data that th

what is port forwarding now maybe you've heard about it but you weren't exactly sure what it was or how it works so basically port forwarding allows computers over the Internet to connect to a specific computer or service within a private network it's basically making your computer accessible over the Internet even though you're behind a router so for example let's say a friend of yours at their home wants to remotely control your computer at your home using a service such as remote desktop connection now remote desktop connection is a service built into Microsoft Windows that enables you to connect to another computer running Microsoft Windows and then once you're connected to the remote computer you can use that computers programs and files just as if you were sitting in front of it so now your friend is ready to connect to your computer so we starts up the remote desktop connection and sends the request to your public IP address with a specific port number no

introduce you to the domain name system so imagine this you're on your laptop in your web browser trying to reach example dotnet both your computer and the web server for example net are connected to the Internet now usually your browser will automatically contact the web server for you and request the home page although you know the domain name you have to remember that the internet runs on IP addresses so you cannot just ask hey can you contact example net for me because the internet can't it only knows IP addresses this is where DNS comes in think of it as a gigantic address book that tells you at which IP address any domain name can be contacted to look up an address you ask a special DNS server something like Whois example dotnet and it'll tell you the answer problem solved right not so fast remember that you're not the only one on the Internet there are billions of Internet connected devices that are also trying to look up IP addresses while you're doing the s

whenever a computer wants to communicate with another computer the communication between those two computers needs to be good and reliable so we can guarantee that the data is received correctly for example when you want to view a webpage or download a file or look at an email you'd expect to view the webpage intact and in order with nothing missing or if you're downloading a file you would want the entire file and not just a part of the file because if data is missing or out of order then it wouldn't be of any benefit to you so this is where TCP comes in TCP stands for transmission control protocol and this is one of the main protocols used in a tcp/ip network and TCP is what is used to guarantee that all the data is received and in order because without TCP then some of the data could be missing or out of order because if you view a web page without TCP your web page could be all messed up the images could be missing or the text could be backwards and out of order or if y

hello everyone in this article we're going to talk about different types of printers now printers allow the ability to print copies of documents or photos onto paper from a computer now there are several different types of printers but the most common types that are used in homes and businesses are inkjet and laser printers and there are also a couple of less common printers such as thermal printers and dot matrix printers which we'll talk about later so let's first talk about inkjet printers now inkjet printers are the most common printers that are used in homes they are affordable and they produce photo quality results and they are enough to suit the needs of a typical home user now an inkjet printer works by the printhead moving back and forth across the paper during printing and during this process the printhead places ink on the paper in very tiny dots in fact these dots are so tiny that they are smaller in diameter than a human hair and as these dots are precisely pla

hey guys in this video we're going to talk about a couple of different email protocols and these are pop3 and IMAP now these protocols are used for retrieving email from an email server so for example if you're using an email client such as Microsoft Outlook you would configure outlook with either pop3 or IMAP to retrieve your email on a computer and you can also use these protocols on your tablet or smartphone to retrieve your email so you can use either one the choice is yours but the question is which protocol do you want to use is one better than the other so that's what we're going to talk about so let's talk about pop3 first now pop3 stands for post office protocol 3 now pop3 is the simplest of the two protocols because the only thing that pop3 does is download the email to your device from a mail server and it only downloads what's in your inbox folder which is where your email is and that's pretty much it it doesn't download any other folders or

hello everyone in this article we're going to talk about the difference between a hub a switch and a router now all three of these devices are similar but there is a difference in the way they handle data so we'll first talk about a hub now the purpose of a hub is to connect all of your network devices together on an internal network it's a device that has multiple ports that accepts Ethernet connections from network devices now a hub is considered not to be intelligent because it does not filter any data or has any intelligence as to where the data is supposed to be sent and that's because the only thing a hub knows is when a device is connected to one of its ports so when a data packet arrives at one of the ports it is copied to all of the other ports so all the devices on that hub sees that data packets so again a data packet comes into one port then the hub will just rebroadcast that data to every port that has a device connected to it so even if this computer here

to show you how to set up an FTP server in Windows 7 create a user account and access your FTP from inside of your network and outside of your network so let's begin click on start and then type run and click on the run program here type CMD and click OK it's going to open the command prompt here type IP config and press Enter and this here is your IP address keep it in mind or write it down now I'm going to close here and I'm going to create in my desktop a folder that my FTP users are going to be accessing via the FTP site I'm going to name this avoid errors and now we are ready to install a is so click on start then click on control panel then click on programs and features and click on turn Windows Features on or off and then look for Internet Information Services checkmark that and then expand expand FTP server and now put a check mark on FTP server FTP extensibility FTP service web management tools and world wide web services and then click OK most IISS instal

a lesson on networking command-line tools and I will tell you that in this lesson well we're gonna do just that we are going to go through a list of command-line tools and make sure that you understand what they do and then I'll even go in and demonstrate some of them for you so the first couple of commands that I want to go over with you are very similar in nature not only are they named similarly but the functionality is pretty much the same these two commands are IP config and then I F config now both are used to view tcp/ip configuration the difference is IP config is for the Windows operating system whereas ifconfig you will find in things like Unix Linux and Macintosh we will take a look at the IP config utility in just a few minutes now this next utility I will tell you is one that is the most powerful yet most simplistic utility out there and the name of this utility is ping okay it's just simply the ping command and this is something that many people have heard o

the invention of transistors revolutionized human civilization like no other technology at the heart of a smartphone lies a processor and this processor holds about two billion transistors what do these incredibly tiny devices do how do they work transistors can act like a switch with no moving parts they can amplify a weak signal in fact amplification is the basic function of a transistor first let's understand the basis of transistors we will come back to the application part later transistors are made of semiconductors such as silicon each silicon atom is bonded with four neighboring silicon atoms silicon has four electrons in its valence shell let's replace this silicon atom with a four-handed Smyly each hand holds one electron each one of these electrons goes for sharing with a neighboring silicon atom this is known as a covalent bond currently the electrons are in their valence band if the pure silicon has to conduct electricity the electrons have to absorb some energy an

see how computers add numbers in one lesson inside a computer you'll find a motherboard the motherboard acts like the chassis inside a car giving all the components something to connect to on the motherboard is the microprocessor most micro processors have some jagged metal on top called a heatsink to prevent overheating if you remove the microprocessor and look underneath you'll see a lot of wires sticking out that connect from the holes on the motherboard to the main part of the microprocessor the microprocessor is made up of different areas that do different things such as adding or storing numbers these areas are mostly made up of one thing though the transistor here is a 3d view of one the transistors base is a semiconductor which sometimes conducts electricity and sometimes does not the semiconductor has positively charged areas and negatively charged areas electricity will not flow between the two yellow areas unless a conducting channel is opened up in the green area a

hello everyone in this Article we're going to talk about one of the most important parts of a computer and we're going to be talking about primary memory or temporary storage and this is called RAM Ram stands for random access memory RAM is stored on the motherboard in modules that are called dims dim stands for dual inline memory module a dim is a dual inline module because it has two independent rows of these pins one on each side a dim memory module has either 168 184 240 or 288 pins and then the dim is installed on the motherboard in the memory slots a motherboard can have a various number of memory slots the average motherboard will have between 2 and 4 of them in order for data or program to run on a computer it needs to be loaded into Ram first so the data or program is first stored on the hard drive then from the hard drive it's loaded into Ram and once it's loaded into Ram the CPU can now access the data or run the program now a lot of times if the memory is to